Python programming

 In the CBSE (Central Board of Secondary Education) curriculum, Python programming is introduced as part of the computer science subject in secondary and senior secondary levels (Classes IX to XII). The curriculum focuses on building foundational computational thinking and programming skills using Python, which is widely recognized for its simplicity and readability.

### Key Aspects of Python Programming in CBSE Curriculum:

1. **Basic Concepts**: 

   - Introduction to Python, understanding of syntax, variables, data types (integers, strings, lists, tuples, dictionaries).

   - Control structures (if-else, loops) and their application in solving basic problems.

2. **Functions**:

   - Defining and calling functions, scope of variables, passing arguments, and return values.

   - Built-in functions and user-defined functions.

3. **File Handling**:

   - Reading from and writing to files, understanding file modes, and handling exceptions related to file input/output.

4. **Data Structures**:

   - Lists, tuples, dictionaries, and sets are introduced to help students understand how to store and manipulate collections of data.

5. **Modules and Libraries**:

   - Usage of Python standard libraries (like `math`, `random`, etc.) to extend the functionality of programs.

   

6. **Object-Oriented Programming (OOP)**:

   - Basics of OOP including classes, objects, methods, inheritance, and polymorphism (usually at the senior secondary level).

7. **Problem Solving and Computational Thinking**:

   - Encouraging logical thinking and problem-solving through algorithm development, flowcharts, and pseudocode.

   - Writing Python programs to solve mathematical, logical, and real-world problems.

8. **Database Connectivity** (for Class XII):

   - Using Python to interact with databases (e.g., MySQL), performing operations such as connecting, inserting, updating, and querying data using SQL commands.

### Assessment:

- Theoretical understanding of concepts.

- Practical application of Python programming through lab exercises and project work.

- Emphasis on developing solutions for real-life problems using Python programming skills.

Python’s inclusion in the CBSE curriculum is aimed at making programming more accessible and fostering early coding skills that can be developed in higher studies and the workforce.