protocol

PROTOCOL

IT is a set of rull that  Determined How the data is over the network .it is communication standard that followed by the computer .In network to communicate with each other at exit server level, such as hardware device level ,software and application program level ,for example (O.S.I) model different protocol used at each layer for communication.

NET BIOS-Network Basic Input Output System is an application programming interface. ( API )Application Located on Different Computers use (net bios)To Communicate with Each other over local area network.It widely use in eathernet net

& token ring net work .It support connection oriented communication such as trans mission control protocol(tcp).& connection less communication such as user data gram protocol (U.D.P.).

SERVICE- Net bios provide service at the trans port & session layer of the open system Inter connection (o.s.i.) model .Net bios support three different service.

Name Service- It is implemented in window microsoft as windows internet name service. 

only after registering the net bios name.the application can start a  communication between computers . normly  netbios name are 16 byte inlength . netbios service are based on net bios name.These name converted to (I.P. )address.

SESSION SERVICE- This service utilize the T.C.P. port 139.It is responsible for generating the netbios traffic on the network.It handle larger message &provides error detection & correction . once the session is established data is trans mitted through packet  with respond with either a acknowledgement packet (ack) or negative acknowledgement packet  (NACK).

Data gram service- This service is used udp port 138 & provide a connectionless broad cast oriented data communication between two device.Datagram are considerd as multi

cast.data gram used to send simple block of data.. quickly one device to another.

Net bios name resolution- Netbios name resolution indicates a successful mapping of netbios to an IP address netbios name is 

a 16 byte address that gives Unique Identity to a device on a network.First 15 device specifies the name of the device and last byte specify the type of bios name.

PHYSICAL LAYER - T.C.P./I.P. does not define any particular protocol at the physical & data link layers.A network in a T.C.P/I.P. internetwork can be lan ,man ,wan.

INTERNETWORKING Protocol( I.P)- I.P. IS A transmission mechanism used by the t.c.p. /ip protocol.  IP is a connectionless & unreliable datagram  protocol & provide no

error checking. I.P. transfer data in the form of packet called data gram.

Address resolution protocol- ARP used to determine the physical address(mac address) of the device only when its IP.address is known . ARP is also used to translate the IP address to Eathernet mac address.

reverse address resolution protocol(RARP)- 

IT is used to determine the IP address of the host only when the physical address( mac address) known . IT is useful when computer

 connected in the first time.

ICMP(Internet control message protocol)- These protocol used by computer& getway

 to send notification of datagram problem

 such as query & error reporting message pack to the sending device . ping command is an example of ICMP.Protocol. 

INTERNET GROUP MESSAGE PROTOCOL(IGMP)- ITis used for multicasting means to transmit message to multiple reciept at the same time . class (D IP)address used for this protocol.

TRANSMISSION CONTROL PROTOCOL(T.C.P)-

It is connection oriented & reliable transport protocol. It divided data in two segement.

STREAM CONTROL TRANSMISSION PROTOCOL (SCTP)- It is connection oriented transport protocol that offers acknowledge.

it also support multihoming which indicate that two connected device can have alternate IP address.

(SMTP )simple mail transfer protocol-It is a protocol that transfer e-mail message accross the network & the internet .it help sending message like text  message.

Domain name service-IT is issued to store & transfer Internet domain name of host to IP 

address.

SIMPLE NETWORK MANAGEMENT PROTOCOL(SNMP)- It means to manage & control network device performance & security of the network.