INFORMATION TECH

Internet Internet service-a network is a group of computer & other objects that are connected to each other with wires , satellite, or some Other medium . When many such networks across the globe are connected to each other For communication , it is called internet . Thus the internet is a network of networks. Require ment for connecting to the net-   The requirement for connecting to the internet depend upon the type of connection. You can connect to the internet In the following ways. Dialup connection using a modem-  Dialup connection is a slower connection but still used by many people .in this method you need. 1.A modem external or internal. 2. A dedicated telephone line. 3. A computer to connect to internet with the proper of software. 4.an internet service provider like airtel ,.Reliance, bsnl. A modem( internal or external)  connect to the internet after the computer dials a phone no. You can either make call or connect to the internet at a time , if there  Is only one tele

                    Bios setup It is a plate form which is provide to make trigger of our system. all the hardware device attatch to our system we can enable& disable the work all these divice's & up ,&down the performance of these divice's when we go to in BIOS setup mostly we founde all these option, which is use to increase or decrease performance all attached hardware devices.so these option show in below manner. standard cmos setup- Enable the user to set basic information such as data time , IDE device disk drive. Advance setup- Sets advanced Information such as boot device  ' smart for harddisk boot up numlock, floppy drive swap about the system. power management system- Sets the parameters such as stand by time out , ring on power on for the system power management operation. PcI plug & play setup- Sets the parameters for the device installed on the pic bus & device which use the system plug & play capability. load optical setting- loads a se

                        (1 short  ) description- D ram refresh failure Solution- Clean the memory & reinstall it.                         ( 2 short) description- Memory parity circuit                             failure solution- Clean the memory & reinstall it.                            ( 3 short) description- Base 64 Ram failure . Solution- clean memory contact & reinstall it.                            ( 4 short) description- System timer failure. Solution- check the motherboard installation for any loose contact.                                           ( 5 short) description- processor failure. Solution- Check the processor & heatsink are properly  installed or check mother board.                               ( 6 short) description- Keyboard controller gate a20 error. solution- check or replace the key board or replace the mother board's processor.                                      ( 7 short) description- processor virtual mode error. solution- check  pro

  D.V.D.- डीवीडी का मतलब डिजिटल वर्सटाइल डिस्क है।  इसे आमतौर पर डिजिटल वीडियो डिस्क के रूप में जाना जाता है।  यह एक डिजिटल ऑप्टिकल डिस्क स्टोरेज फॉर्मेट है जिसका उपयोग उच्च क्षमता वाले डेटा को स्टोर करने के लिए किया जाता है... Poly carbonate plastic-  Hard transparent plastic. Aluminum-Reflect to laser beam from  d.v.d. Acrylic-protect to d.v.d layers. label- Enables you to name the d.v.d. for identification. constructional format of d.v.d.- D.v.d can hold information on single or both sides. single sided d.v.d.- It has 4 to 7 g.b.  storage capacity. Single sided dual layer- known as D.v.d 9 and capacity of 8.5 g.b. . dual side dual layer- known as d.v.d. 10 and has a capacity of 9.4 g.b. dual side- It has a capacity of 17 g.b. D.V.D. Rom- 4 .7 gb.to 17 gb. store data, such as  audio, video, software. D.V.D. Video- store video such as movie or clip. D.V.D +R- Written only once. D.V.D.+RW-known as phase change disc. D.V.D.+RAM- Use's phase change technology. you can read write thes

 सप्लाई (यूपीएस) एक उपकरण है जो आने वाली बिजली बाधित होने पर कंप्यूटर को कम से कम थोड़े समय के लिए चालू रखने की अनुमति देता है।  जब तक उपयोगिता शक्ति प्रवाहित होती है, तब तक यह ऊर्जा भंडारण की भरपाई और रखरखाव भी करती है। U.P.S . power supply indifferent format-  Black out- when it give's power to system for a long time.so it mean total power failure. Brown out- In this condition power falls 105v. ac. Spikes- in this condition if the voltage increase upper limit. Surges- If the voltage decrease the lower condition.some time just like millisecond. function  IC. in S.M.P.S. - TL- 494                                            -L.M- 339 There are three type of U.P.S. 1.Stand by 2.on line 3.Line interactive (ups)-such as server U.P.S.-  -form factor- physical shape -Run time capacity- power passing. -Self test- Test in proper working. -Automatic shut down. -Filter  of current. ऊपर ।  बिजली आपूर्ति उदासीन प्रारूप-    ब्लैक आउट- जब यह सिस्टम को लंबे समय तक बिजली देता है तो इसका मतलब है कु

 S.M.P.S-It mostly found the left corner in the system&It convert (a.c) to (dc) power supply. in system  different type of components that's requirement different type normal that 3.3v, 5v, 15v. Microprocessor take3.3v, chipset 5v, harddisk take 12v.current. Give output different controller- (-12 v) blue wire- Require for serial port. (-5 v) White wire- Require for older floppy                                     controller, I.S.A.card. 0 volt( black)- Require for complete circuit. 3.3 volt ( orange)- require for dim , pci, agp card . 5 volt( Red) - Require for sim , disk drive. 12 volt ( Yellow) - Require cooling for fan. pg signal ( gray)- Mother board indication power on ( green)- controll to power supply. Type of power supply-  Linear power supply-  switch mode power supply-  Linear- Diode circuit is used to rectify ac to pulsating Dc . After than capictor used to pulsating  DC with low ripples Switch mode- It convert Dc to Dc. एस.एम.पी.एस-यह ज्यादातर सिस्टम में बाएं कोने म

Booting system  System booting- When you turn your pc on, a programme is automatically run from rom this begins with a brief test of various components of your computer. in a 386, 486, or pantium the most notiable part is the memory.test ,accompained by connecting up the memory. on your screen as the test progress come. after this test , the machine search for various rom'extensions' . the program then searches first drive a, then hard disk. you have a bootable hard disk for a disktle or disk programme.After this process control is transfered to very first sector on the disk,  which is called boot sector. when you format a disktle, a little programme is placed in the boot sector ,which will display the message on system  disk , replace & hit any key . when you transfer the operating system to the disk with the sys command, or via format this boot sector programme is change to transfer controll to a programme which must be in the position immediately following boot sector.if

 The first electronic printer was the EP-101, invented by the Japanese company Epson and released in 1968.  so it was debuted in the market, The first commercial printers typically used mechanisms from electric typewriters and teletype machines. INTRODUCTION- The printer is an device that prints text document & image on paper. it is peripheral output device. IMPACT PRINTER- Printers are used for printing document  as well as graphics. the working of impact printer is very similer to that type of printer. lmpact printer are those printer, where physical contact is established between print head , cartridge&  media paper . the impact result in printing on paper under the ink ribbon. the dot matrix printer is an example of impact printer. DOT MATRIX PRINTER- Dot matrix printer uses a matrix of metal pins on the electromagnet printhead to creat dots & ink  soaked ribbon is placed between the paper & the print head . due to this dot matrix printer are noisy. NON IMPACT PRINT

                                scanner  1990 के दशक में कंप्यूटर स्कैनर आ गए, और हालांकि डिजिटल कैप्चर उपकरणों के आगमन ने उनकी सेवाओं की आवश्यकता को कम कर दिया है, वे आश्चर्यजनक रूप से लंबे इतिहास के बाद भी लोकप्रिय बने हुए हैं।  स्कैनर्स का विकास जारी है, वर्तमान में उनके पूर्वजों की लागत और आकार के एक अंश पर उच्च रिज़ॉल्यूशन आउटपुट प्रदान करते हैं। Scanner basically use for converting data in digital format. Flatebed scanner- It is widely use. It is called desktop scanner. it is use simply photo. Sheet fed- It convert paper in sheet. Slide- It use to make photo slide.  Drum scanner- It is use for heavy application . in this scanner P.M.T. works ( photo multiplier tube) . It is called vacume tube.It convert  light to electrical energy. cover- protect by dust & other partical. Back- This side have not attatched by p.c. Face- on & off button. 1.Scanner have two & three light. 2. Belt moving the scan head. 3. port,s u.s.b. parrall. 4.(scsi) scanner fastest scanner. 5.A.D.C.-

modem  Modem- संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिका में व्यावसायिक रूप से उपलब्ध होने वाला पहला मॉडेम बेल 103 मॉडेम था, जिसे 1962 में अमेरिकन टेलीफोन  कंपनी एंड टेलीग्राफ कंपनी (AT&T) द्वारा पेश किया गया था। Modem is a communicate device. Feature of Modem. 1.transmission data. 2.voice communication data. 3.fax capability. 4.Data compression. 5.Auto answering. Type of Modem-  1.Internal. 2.External. INTERNAL- It has a card plug in Mother board slot. External- It  connect to pc by data cable. MODEM WORK-  1. Analog signal convert in  binary signal that called demodulation. (signal come's). 2.binary signal convert in analog that  called modulation. (signal out). In x2 technology data transmission speed 50k.b.p.s. D.S.L. Modem convert digital signal in to  analog signal and analog signal convert in to digital signal. AT command used  for communicate by Modem. मॉडेम बनाम राउटर मॉडेम एक बॉक्स है जो आपके होम नेटवर्क को आपके इंटरनेट सेवा प्रदाता या ISP से जोड़ता है।  राउटर एक ऐसा बॉक्स है जो आपके सभी